(제작: 이론과 실체)
이렇게 만들게 되는 데 이 Amp는 지금 없고 사진만 남아 있다.
그래서 다음의 Amp로 설명을 …
그런데 있는 부품으로 만들다 보니 정류관 5AR4를 쓸수가 없어서 6CA4를 사용.
계획대로라면 6CA4 자리에는 5AR4가 있어야 한다.
이 Amp를 가지고 설명.
KT88 SE (Single Ended) Stereo Amplifier.
회로도(Schematic diagram)
이 회로는 www.tubeLab.com의 SSE 회로.
(해당 website를 참고하십시오)
Schematic Diagram
Left/Right Channel 두개를 만들어 전원(Power supply)에 함께 (B1+,B2+)에 연결.
이론 설명 전에 먼저 조립 (백견이 불여 일행)
부품 목록(Parts List)
Online 구매 가능 (미국의 경우)
Tube
… KT88 x 2 tubesandmore.com
… 12AX7 x 1 … tubesandmore.com
… 5AR4 x 1 … tubesandmore.com
Tube Socket
… 8 pin x 3 … tubesandmore.com
… 9 pin x 1 … tubesandmore.com
CCS XCP10M45S x 2 … digikey.com Constant Current Sourcd IC
Heat sink HS105-ND x 2 … digikey.com 방열판
Resistor
… 10K3W x 2 … tubesandmore.com (5개 단위 판매)
… 1K1/4W x 2 … Parts-express.com (10개 단위 판매)
… 330 Ohm 2W x 2 … Parts-express.com (10개 단위 판매)
… 220K 1/4W x 4 … Parts-express.com (10개 단위 판매)
… 330 Ohm 5W x 2 … Parts-express.com (10개 단위 판매)
… 220 Ohm 1/2W x 2 … Parts-express.com (10개 단위 판매)
… 100 Ohm 2W x 2 … Parts-express.com (10개 단위 판매)
… 100 Ohm 1/4W x 4 … Parts-express.com (10개 단위 판매)
Capacitor
… 0.22 mf 400V x 2 … tubesandmore.com MusiCap. Coupling
… 100 mf 25V x 2 … Parts-express.com (1500 uf 25V)
… 470 mf 50V x 2 … Parts-express.com (1500 uf 50V)
… 100 mf 450V x 3 … tubesandmore.com (100+100 500V, 100 450v)
Potentiometer 100K Audio Tab x 2 … tubesandmore.com
Volume knob x 2 … tubesandmore.com
SE Output Trans. 4.5K/3KOhm x 2 … tubesandmore.com UBT-2/3
Power Trans. 120-275-0-275@175ma-6.3V-5V 아래 둘중 하나
… XWPR009 x 1 … edcorusa.com / 8 week lead time
… P-T270FX x 1 … tubesandmore.com
Filter Choke
… 7H 150 ma x 1 … tubesandmore.com P-T159Q
… 9H 40 ma x 1 … tubesandmore.com P-T154G
Toggle SW DPST 120V 2.5A x 1 … Parts-express.com Power SW
mini toggle SW DPDT x 1 … Parts-express.com Input selector SW
mini toggle SW SPST x 1 … Parts-express.com Stereo/mono SW
pilot lamp neon lamp x 1 … RadioShack.com
RCA Jack pair x 2 … Parts-express.com
RCA Cable x 1 … Parts-express.com
SPKR Binding Post x 2 … tubesandmore.com
Chassis Box 12″x10″x2″ x 1 … tubesandmore.com
Power Cable x 1 … tubesandmore.com
Power Receptacle x 1 … tubesandmore.com
Fuse Holder x 1 … tubesandmore.com
Fuse120 V 2A x 1 … tubesandmore.com
PCB(printed circuit) x 1 … Parts-express.com Universial(90x70mm)
screw, nut, wire, etc
이상입니다.
제가 사는 곳은
Antique Electronics https://www.tubesandmore.com/
Edcore https://www.edcorusa.com/ … Transformer 를 삽니다 주문후 8주 걸립니다
Parts Express https://www.parts-express.com/
Radio Shack https://www.radioshack.com/ Neon Lamp, PCB
eBay, Amazone 에서 구합니다.
개별 부품 설명
Vacuum Tube
Audio Power Tube. (5극관, Beam Power Tube)
8 PIN Socket에 끼어서 사용
300 V DC, Plate 전류 대략 50-80 mA Class A Amp.
Heater 전압 6.3 V
Dual Triode (3극관 두 개: Left/Right Channel에 반씩 사용)
Signal 1단 증폭 driver로 사용
9 PIN Socket에 끼어 사용
Plate 전압 90-250 V DC.
Heater 전압 6.3 V (혹은 12.6 V)
Dual Diode (전원 정류관으로 사용)
8 PIN Socket에 끼워 사용
Heater 전압 5V
(쓰기가 점점 어려워지는 듯)
IC를 Heat sink에 나사로 붙여서 사용.
12AX7 Plate에 흐르는 전류를 일정하게 해 주는 역할을 한다.
결과적으로 교류 전원 잡음을 줄여준다.
Coupling Capacitor… 0.22 uf 400-600vVolt
음질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 Capacitor입니다.
가능하면 Solen, Music Cap, Auri Cap 등의 고급 제품을 구입.
한 Online site에서 못 구하면 eBay 나 Amazone에서 구입
100uf+100 uf 500 Volt + 100 uf 450 x 1 (권장)
혹은
100 uf 450 volt x 3
One Electron UBT-2 4.5K Ohm 출력 크다. 저음이 약간 떨어진다.
One Electron UBT-3 3.0K Ohm 출력 좀 작다. 저음 약간 좋다.
이것 매우 중요 부품.
값 싼 것은 음질이 좋지 않다.
음질에 영향을 미치는 부품. 회사마다 제작 Know How가 다르다.
P-P 용과 SE 용의 제작 방법이 다르다.
반드시 SE amp 용 Output Trans 라야 한다.
P-P (Push-Pull)용 Output trans는 않된다.
P-T270FX Specifications:
Size:138 VA
Dual Primary:115 VAC, 125 VAC, 60 Hz.
A.C. high Voltage Secondary RMS: 550V.C.T. @ 173mA
Filament Winding #15 V @ 3 A
Filament Winding #26.3 V.C.T. @ 4 A
중요 부품
이론은 현실적인 상황을 생략하고 이상적인(가상적인) 상황을 두고 설명한다.
그러나 현실에서는 여러 덧붙여진 상황이 발생한다.
이런 것들을 고려하여 중요 부품의 선택에 대하여 써야할 것 같다.
Amp의 성능, 음질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 부품이다.
그리고 선택할 때에 어떤 것을 살지 혼동이 될 수 있다.
먼저 회로도를 다시 본다.
Power Trans.에서 나오는 전류는 Filter Choke 1을 지나
(KT88+12AX7) x 2 (Left.Right)로 흐르니까 이것을 공급할 만한 용량이 되어야 한다.
그런데…
불행히도 KT88 Data에는 Class A 자료가 없다.
Plate 전류(Ia)를 읽어보면 최소 60 x 2 = 120 ma – 170 ma 는 되어야 한다.
다음
12AX7 표를 보면 Ia(Plate 전류) 1.2 x 2 = 3 ma 정도면 된다.
그러니까 전류의 용량/크기는 170 + 2.4 =… 대략 170 ma (+,-) 정도.
Power Trans 와 Filter Choke (1)의 용량은 175 ma 정도를 감당할 수 있어야 한다는 뜻이다.
이해 되시는지?, 골치 안 아프시겠지요?
이해 안 되시면 제 설명이 미흡하다는 증거.
eBay 같은 데서 중고 사실 때 이 전압 전류 275 V – 0 – 275 Volt 170 ma 보다 작은 것을 사면 안된다.
그런데 이렇게 규격을 밝힌 것은 비싸다. 새것 사는 것이 낫다.
또 Power Trans는 우리 집 전원 전압과 맞아야 한다.
우리 집의 전원 전압이 240, 220V, 120, 115, 110 volt 뭔지 알아야 한다.
Tester로 재어 보아야 한다.
미국은 보통 120 volt, 한국은 아마도 220 volt 일 것이다.
그러면 Power Trans의 1차 Coil은 220 Volt 여야 한다.
다음 회로도를 보면 Power Trans의 1차 Coil 전압이 120 volt 이다
220인 한국에서는 못 쓴다는 말씀이다.
구입한 Power Transformer 가 중고라서 입력전압이 110 volt 인데 우리 집 전압이 120 volt면 Variac를 써야 한다.
Power Trans 의 1차 전압에 전압을 맞추어야 된다는 말.
Amazon에서 살 수 있다. 1Kw 이상의 용량으로 산다.
자기 집의 전압과 맞는 Power Trans를 사는 것이 중요하다.
왜 쓸데없이 Variac를 살까?
문제는
미국은 가정 전압이
미국은 120 V
어느 나라는 110 volt
대부분의 나라는 220, 230, 240 volt이다.
맞는 전압의 power Trans를 사야한다.
먼저 우리 집의 전압이 얼마인지를 Tester로 재어서 알아 두어야 한다.
Variac은 이렇게 생겼다.
(
이 지루하고 긴 글.
누가 과연 이것을 읽을 것인가?
누가 과연 이것을 만들 것인가?
왜 이런 쓸데 없는 것을 쓸까?
)
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